Intro & Text Preprocessing
- Course overview & NLP problem types
- Tokenization, stemming, lemmatization
- Stop words, N-grams, noise removal
- One-Hot Encoding, Bag of Words (BoW)
- TF-IDF importance weighting
Naïve Bayes & Classification Evaluation
- Bayes’ Rule: Prior, Likelihood, Posterior
- Generative vs. Discriminative models
- Multinomial Naïve Bayes for NLP
- Confusion Matrix, Precision, Recall, F1
- ROC Curve & AUC — MLK Day holiday (Jan 20)
Logistic Regression, SVM & Perceptron
- Sigmoid function & soft classification
- Gradient descent & MLE
- Support Vector Machines & margin
- Kernel trick (non-linear SVM)
- Perceptron algorithm & convergence
SVD, Co-occurrence & GloVe
- Why dimensionality reduction?
- Co-occurrence matrix construction
- Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
- Dense word embeddings from SVD
- GloVe: global co-occurrence + semantics
Neural Networks & Word2Vec
- Activation functions: ReLU, Sigmoid, Tanh
- Forward pass & Backpropagation
- Stochastic & Batch Gradient Descent
- Word2Vec: CBoW model
- Word2Vec: Skip-Gram model
Convolutional & Recurrent Neural Networks
- CNN: filters, convolution, feature maps
- Max pooling & parameter sharing
- CNN for text classification
- RNN: sequential memory & hidden state
- Vanishing gradient & exploding gradient
LSTM, GRU & Attention
- LSTM: cell state, forget / input / output gates
- Cell state update: C_t = f_t⊙C_{t-1} + i_t⊙C̃_t
- GRU: 2-gate simplified LSTM
- Encoder-Decoder architecture
- Additive Attention (Bahdanau): α weights + C_t
Multimodal NLP & Multilingual Models
- CLIP: contrastive image-text pretraining, InfoNCE loss, zero-shot
- LLaVA: visual instruction tuning, projection layer
- Flamingo: gated cross-attention, interleaved sequences
- mBERT: 104 languages, cross-lingual transfer
- XLM-R: CC-100, SentencePiece 250K, XNLI benchmarks
Transformers, BERT & GPT
- Why Transformers? LSTM limitations & pre-training benefits
- Encoder vs. Decoder: BERT, GPT, T5/BART families
- Self-Attention: Q, K, V — Attention(Q,K,V) = softmax(QKᵀ/√d_k)·V
- Positional Encoding: sine (even) / cosine (odd) indices
- BERT: MLM + NSP pre-training; GPT: autoregressive generation
Sequence Labeling: POS Tagging & NER
- Sequence labeling: one label per token (input = output length)
- POS Tagging: Penn Treebank tagset, lexical ambiguity, perceptron & BERT
- NER: 9 entity types, IOB/BIO tagging — B-PER, I-ORG, O
- NLTK binary=True/False, Keras transformer, BERT (dslim)
- Why encoder-only (BERT) is preferred for NER/POS over encoder-decoder
Post-Training Alignment Pipeline
- Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT): data, format, loss
- RLHF with PPO: reward model, KL penalty, 4-model setup
- Constitutional AI (RLAIF): Anthropic's approach
- DPO: closed-form alignment without RL
- KTO: preference optimization from binary labels
Topic Modeling: LSI & LDA
- Topic modeling: unsupervised extraction of hidden topics
- LSI: SVD decomposition A = U × Σ × V¹ — concept matrices
- LSI querying: map term to concept space via V¹
- LDA: Dirichlet distributions for doc-topic (α) and topic-word (β)
- Gibbs sampling for LDA parameter tuning
Generative AI, Prompt Engineering & RAG
- Generative AI: autoregressive decoding, LLM training pipeline
- Temperature, Top-p sampling — controlling generation diversity
- Prompt Engineering: Zero-shot, Few-shot, CoT, Self-Consistency, ReAct
- Advanced prompts: Tree-of-Thought, prompt chaining, structured output
- RAG: chunking, vector DB, semantic search, augmented generation
- RAG vs. Fine-Tuning vs. Prompting: decision framework
Foundations of Agentic AI & Reasoning
- Agent vs. chatbot: perceive → reason → act → observe loop
- Memory systems: in-context, episodic, semantic, procedural
- Tool use & function calling: extending agents into the real world
- ReAct framework: Thought → Action → Observation cycles
- Reflexion, Tree-of-Thought, MCTS reasoning frameworks
- Agent failure modes: goal drift, prompt injection, context overflow
Multi-Agent Systems & Future of NLP
- Multi-agent topologies: hub-spoke, chain, mesh, hierarchical
- Frameworks: LangGraph (graph), AutoGen (conversational), CrewAI (roles)
- Agent communication protocols & termination conditions
- Real-world applications: healthcare, legal, finance, software dev
- NLP evolution timeline: 2012 → 2026 → beyond
- Open research frontiers: hallucination, interpretability, continual learning
All 12 Quizzes — Week Coverage & Dates
| Quiz | Covers Week | Topic | Due | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quiz 1 | Week 1 | Text Preprocessing & Representations | Jan 23 | ✓ Done |
| Quiz 2 | Week 2 | Naïve Bayes & Classification | Jan 30 | ✓ Done |
| Quiz 3 | Week 3 | Logistic Regression, SVM & Perceptron | Feb 6 | ✓ Done |
| Quiz 4 | Week 4 | SVD, Co-occurrence & GloVe | Feb 13 | ✓ Done |
| Quiz 5 | Week 5 | Neural Networks & Word2Vec | Feb 20 | ✓ Done |
| Quiz 6 | Week 6 | CNN & RNN | Feb 27 | ✓ Done |
| Quiz 7 | Week 7 | LSTM, GRU & Attention | Mar 6 | ✓ Done |
| Quiz 8 | Week 9 | Transformers, BERT & GPT | Mar 20 | ✓ Done |
| Quiz 9 | Week 10 | POS Tagging & NER | Apr 3 | ✓ Done |
| Quiz 10 | Week 12 | Topic Modeling: LSI & LDA | Apr 10 | ✓ Done |
| Quiz 11 | Week 13 | GenAI, Prompt Engineering & RAG | Apr 17 | ✓ Done |
| Quiz 12 | Weeks 14&15 | Agentic AI & Multi-Agent Systems | Apr 24 | ⚠ Due Apr 24! |
W1
W1
W2–W3
W4–W5
W5–W6
W9
W10
W12
W13
W14–W15
What → Why → How
Every concept is explained in three layers: what it is, why we need it, and how it works mechanically. Read all three before moving on.
Use the Interactive Demos
Each week has live visualizers and clickable demos. Change the inputs and watch outputs update — this is the fastest way to build intuition.
Quiz Yourself
Each week ends with multiple-choice questions modeled after actual Quizzes 1–7. Cover the answer, try it yourself, then reveal. Repeat weak spots.
Follow the Thread
Each week builds on the last. If something in Week 9 is confusing, check Week 7 (LSTMs). The roadmap above shows exactly how concepts connect.